否定句式在漢譯英中的常見錯誤及分析(2)
發(fā)布時間:2016-03-14 瀏覽次數(shù):1952 文章來源:
4、這臺車床不能再用了,那臺也一樣。
誤:This lathe can not be used any longer, and that one can't, too.
正:This lathe can not be used any longer, and that one cna't either.
或:……………………………………………………, neither (nor) can that one.
否定句中的“也”不能譯成too,而須用either,或用neither(nor)的倒裝句型。
5、你不必為你的軍銜和薪金擔心。
誤:You won't have to worry about rank and pay.
正:You won't have to worry about rank or pay.
在肯定句中用and來連接兩個并列成分,表示“和”,但在否定句中and應改為or, 這時否定詞對or的前后部分同時加以否定。
6、這些規(guī)章制度多不完善!
誤:How not perfect the rules and regulations are!
正:How imperfect the rules and regulations are!
漢語中的感嘆句可用否定式,如:多不光彩呀!多不容易呀!而英語中的感嘆句不能用否定式,我們可用反義詞或帶有否定詞綴的詞來表示。
7、我認為這不值得一試。
誤:I think this is not worth trying.
正:I don't think this is worth trying.
英語中表臆想、猜測的動詞think, believe, fancy, expect, guess, imagine, suppose等,如果帶有否定的賓語從句,賓語從句中的否定詞通常提前,用來否定主句的謂語動詞。尤其是think,
按習慣用法,否定詞只能置于think前。
8、他來這兒不是為了求得我們的幫助。
誤:He came here not to ask us for help.
正:He did not come here to ask us for help.
否定狀語時,英語中的否定詞一般不直接置于被否定詞語前,通常置于謂語動詞前。只有當兩個部分加以對比時,即“不是……而是”時,否定詞才可直接置于狀語前。如:他來這兒不是為了求得我們的幫助,而是來給我們提供一些信息。He
came here not to ask us for help, but to give us some information. 即使在這一結構中,英語還是常把否定詞置于謂語動詞前。
9、他的設計肯定還沒完成。
誤:He mustn't have completed his design.
正:He can't have completed his design.
對比較有把握的推測,肯定句中用must,而否定句中用can't,對過去的推測,在must和can't后接完成形式。